Welcome to Feeds

Feeds provides DIY Atom feeds in times of social media and paywall.

Get Feeds

Feeds is meant to be installed on your server and run periodically in a cron job or similar job scheduler. We recommend to install Feeds inside a virtual environment.

Feeds can be installed from PyPI using pip:

$ pip install PyFeeds

You may also install the current development version. The master branch is considered stable enough for daily use:

$ pip install https://github.com/pyfeeds/pyfeeds/archive/master.tar.gz

After installation feeds is available in your virtual environment.

Feeds supports Python 3.7+.

Quickstart

Feeds has a few commands that are described on this page.

  • List all available spiders:

    $ feeds list

  • Feeds allows to crawl one or more spiders without a configuration file, e.g.:

    $ feeds crawl indiehackers.com

  • A configuration file is supported too. Simply copy the Example configuration and adjust it. Enable the spiders you are interested in and adjust the output_path where Feeds stores the scraped Atom feeds:

    $ cp feeds.cfg.dist feeds.cfg
$ $EDITOR feeds.cfg
$ feeds --config feeds.cfg crawl

  • Perform a cache cleanup:

    $ feeds --config feeds.cfg cleanup

  • Point your feed reader to the generated Atom feeds and start reading. Feeds works best when run periodically in a cron job or similar job scheduler.

  • Run feeds --help or feeds <subcommand> --help for help and usage details.

Configure Feeds

Feeds settings

Configuration settings related to Feeds need to be specified within the [feeds] section of the configuration file. The following settings are supported.

useragent

The Useragent used for crawling.

[feeds]
useragent = feeds (+https://github.com/pyfeeds/pyfeeds)

spiders

Each spider listed in the spiders setting will be crawled with each run. List one spider per line.

[feeds]
spiders =
  tvthek.orf.at
  oe1.orf.at

Use feeds list to get a list of all available spiders.

output_path

This is the path where the generated Atom feeds will be saved. You may serve this directory with any webserver.

[feeds]
output_path = output

output_url

The URL of the target directory from which the feeds can be accessed. This is an optional setting and it is used to generate atom:link element with rel="self" attribute. See also: https://validator.w3.org/feed/docs/warning/MissingSelf.html

[feeds]
output_url = https://example.com/feeds

truncate_words

Truncate content to 10 words instead of including the full text. This can be useful if generated feeds should be made publicly available.

[feeds]
truncate_words = 10

remove_images

Remove images from output. This can be useful if generated feeds should be made publicly available.

[feeds]
remove_images = 1

cache_enabled

Feeds can be configured to use a cache for HTTP responses which is highly recommended to save bandwidth. The cache_enabled setting controls whether caching is used.

[feeds]
cache_enabled = 1

cache_dir

The path where cache data is stored.

[feeds]
cache_dir = ~/.cache/feeds

cache_expires

Expire (remove) entries from cache after 90 days.

[feeds]
cache_expires = 90

Spider specific settings

Some spiders support additional settings. Head over to the Supported Websites section for more information on spider specific settings.

Example configuration

Have a look at Feeds example configuration when configuring Feeds to suit your needs.

# Feeds configuration.

[feeds]
# Useragent to use for crawling.
useragent = feeds (+https://github.com/pyfeeds/pyfeeds)

## List of spiders to run by default, one per line.
# spiders =
#     tvthek.orf.at
#     oe1.orf.at

## Target directory where the feeds will be saved.
# output_path = output

## URL of target directory from which the feeds can be accessed.
## Optional; used to generate atom:link element with rel="self" attribute.
## See also: https://validator.w3.org/feed/docs/warning/MissingSelf.html
# output_url = https://example.com/feeds

## Truncate content to 10 words instead of including the full text.
## This can be useful if generated feeds should be made publicly available.
# truncate_words = 10
## Remove images from output.
# remove_images = 1

## Enable caching of responses
# cache_enabled = 1
## Path to the cache.
# cache_dir = ~/.cache/feeds
## Expire (remove) entries from cache after 90 days
# cache_expires = 90

#[generic]
## A list of URLs to RSS/Atom feeds.
# urls =
## A list of URLs to RSS/Atom feeds that provide the full content in the "encoded" or
## "content" tag.
# fulltext_urls =

#[falter.at]
## falter.at has a paywall for certain articles.
## If you want to crawl paid articles, please provide abonr (subscription
## number) and password.
# abonr =
# password =
# blogs =
#     lingens
#     thinktank

#[konsument.at]
## KONSUMENT.AT has a paywall for certain articles.
## If you want to crawl paid articles, please provide username and password.
# username =
# password =

#[biblioweb.at]
## Location of your library that uses biblioweb.at.
# location =

#[lwn.net]
## LWN.net has paywalled articles.
## If you want to crawl them, please provide username and password.
# username =
# password =

#[vice.com]
#locales =
#    de_at
#    de

#[nachrichten.at]
## Nachrichten.at has paywalled articles.
## If you want to crawl them, please provide username and password.
#username =
#password =
#ressorts =
#    wels
#    linz
#    nachrichten

#[uebermedien.de]
## uebermedien.de has a paywall for certain articles.
## If you want to crawl paid articles, please provide your Steady username
## and password.
# username =
# password =

#[orf.at]
#channels =
#    news
#    fm4
#    science
#    help
#    sport
#    oe3
#    oesterreich
#    burgenland
#    wien
#    noe
#    ooe
#    salzburg
#    steiermark
#    kaernten
#    vorarlberg
#    tirol
#    religion
#authors =
#    Erich Moechel

#[derstandard.at]
#ressorts =
#    diskurs/kolumnen/rauscher
#    inland/serienundblogs/standardabweichung
#    etat
#    immobilien
#users =
#    571924

#[arstechnica.com]
#channels =
#  index
#  features
#  technology-lab
#  gadgets
#  business
#  security
#  tech-policy
#  apple
#  gaming
#  science
#  multiverse
#  cars
#  staff-blogs
#  cardboard
#  open-source
#  microsoft
#  software
#  telecom
#  web

#[momoxfashion.com]
#links =
#   /de/herren?sortiertnach=neueste

#[kurier.at]
#channels =
#    /chronik/wien
#articles =
#    /meinung/pammesberger-2018-die-karikatur-zum-tag/309.629.015/slideshow
#authors =
#    niki.glattauer
#    guido.tartarotti
#    florian.holzer
#    barbara.kaufmann

#[spotify.com]
#market = AT
#shows =
#    6u7pI0o0CUBQq0T1fwPgbj

#[wienerzeitung.at]
#ressorts =
#    nachrichten/politik/wien
#    nachrichten/politik
#    nachrichten/wirtschaft
#    meinung

#[ft.com]
#ressorts =
#    homepage
#    the-big-read

#[economist.com]
#ressorts =
#    finance-and-economics
#    special-report
#    leaders

#[tinyletter.com]
#accounts =
#    dabeaz

#[riskommunal]
#urls =
#    http://yourlocalcommunity.tld/News
#    https://mytown.tld/BUeRGERSERVICE/Neuigkeiten

Supported Websites

Feeds is currently able to create full text Atom feeds for the websites listed below. All feeds contain the articles in full text so you never have to leave your feed reader while reading.

A note on paywalls

Some sites (Falter, Konsument, LWN) offer articles only behind a paywall. If you have a paid subscription, you can configure your username and password in feeds.cfg (see also Configure Feeds) and also paywalled articles will be included in full text in the created feed. If you don’t have a subscription and hence the full text cannot be included, paywalled articles are tagged with paywalled so they can be filtered, if desired.

Support for generic sites

Generic full-text extraction

The generic spider can transform already existing Atom or RSS feeds, which usually only contain a summary or a few lines of the content, into full content feeds. It is similar to Full-Text RSS but uses a port of an older version of Readability under the hood and currently doesn’t support site_config files. It works best for blog articles.

Some feeds already provide the full content but in a tag that is not used by your feed reader. E.g. feeds created by Wordpress usually have the full content in the “encoded” tag. In such cases it’s best to add the URL to the fulltext_urls entry which extracts the content directly from the feed without Readability. There is a little helper script in scripts/check-for-fulltext-content to detect if a feed contains full-text content.

Configuration

Add generic to the list of spiders:

# List of spiders to run by default, one per line.
spiders =
  generic

Add the feed URLs (Atom or XML) to the config file.

# List of URLs to RSS/Atom feeds to crawl, one per line.
[generic]
urls =
    https://www.example.com/feed.atom
    https://www.example.org/feed.xml
fulltext_urls =
    https://myblog.example.com/feed/

All supported sites

addendum.org

Newest articles from Addendum.

Configuration

Add addendum.org to the list of spiders:

# List of spiders to run by default, one per line.
spiders =
  addendum.org

ak.ciando.com

Most recently added books to the Arbeiterkammer e-library on ak.ciando.com.

Configuration

Add ak.ciando.com to the list of spiders:

# List of spiders to run by default, one per line.
spiders =
  ak.ciando.com

atv.at

Get newest episodes of TV shows from ATV.at.

Configuration

Add atv.at to the list of spiders:

# List of spiders to run by default, one per line.
spiders =
  atv.at

biblioweb.at

Most recently added media to libraries based on the biblioweb.at software.

Configuration

Add biblioweb.at to the list of spiders:

# List of spiders to run by default, one per line.
spiders =
  biblioweb.at

The location of your library that uses biblioweb.at is needed as parameter.

[biblioweb.at]
location =

cbird.at

Newest releases of the cbird software.

Configuration

Add cbird.at to the list of spiders:

# List of spiders to run by default, one per line.
spiders =
  cbird.at

derstandard.at

Newest articles from derStandard.at.

Configuration

Add derstandard.at to the list of spiders:

# List of spiders to run by default, one per line.
spiders =
  derstandard.at

derstandard.at supports different ressorts via the ressorts parameter (one per line).

The spider also has support user postings via the users parameter (one per line).

Example configuration:

[derstandard.at]
ressorts =
    diskurs/kolumnen/rauscher
    etat
    immobilien
 users =
     4894
     571924

dietiwag.org

Latest articles of dietiwag.org.

Configuration

Add dietiwag.org to the list of spiders:

# List of spiders to run by default, one per line.
spiders =
  dietiwag.org

falter.at

Get newest articles and restaurant reviews from Falter.

Configuration

Add falter.at to the list of spiders:

# List of spiders to run by default, one per line.
spiders =
  falter.at

Falter has a paywall for certain articles. If you want to crawl paid articles, please provide abonr (subscription number) and password.

pages accepts magazine for the Falter newspaper and lokalfuehrer_reviews, lokalfuehrer_newest for restaurant, streams for movie streams and events for events. By default all are scraped.

blogs accepts slugs for the blogs from https://cms.falter.at/blogs/.

region accepts a region for events, e.g. wien (default).

[falter.at]
abonr =
password =
pages =
    magazine
    lokalfuehrer_reviews
    lokalfuehrer_newest
    streams
    events
blogs =
    lingens
    thinktank

keycloak.org

Blog posts from Keycloak.

Configuration

Add keycloak.org to the list of spiders:

# List of spiders to run by default, one per line.
spiders =
  keycloak.org

konsument.at

Get newest articles from konsument.at.

Configuration

Add konsument.at to the list of spiders:

# List of spiders to run by default, one per line.
spiders =
  konsument.at

This website has a paywall for certain articles. If you want to crawl paid articles, please provide username and password:

[konsument.at]
username =
password =

kurier.at

Newest articles from Kurier.at.

Configuration

Add kurier.at to the list of spiders:

# List of spiders to run by default, one per line.
spiders =
  kurier.at

kurier.at supports different channels via the channels parameter, articles via the articles parameter and authors via the authors parameter (one per line).

Example configuration:

[kurier.at]
channels =
    /chronik/wien
articles =
    /meinung/pammesberger-2018-die-karikatur-zum-tag/309.629.015/slideshow
authors =
    niki.glattauer
    guido.tartarotti
    florian.holzer
    barbara.kaufmann

lbg.at

Latest articles from LBG.

Configuration

Add lbg.at to the list of spiders:

# List of spiders to run by default, one per line.
spiders =
  lbg.at

momoxfashion.com

Items available for buying at momoxfashion.

Configuration

Add momoxfashion.com to the list of spiders:

# List of spiders to run by default, one per line.
spiders =
  momoxfashion.com

By default, newest items (from the first three pages) will be included. You can provide a list of links in case you want to limit the items to a specific brand or size.

[momoxfashion.com]
links =
  /katalog?sortiertnach=neueste

nachrichten.at

Newest articles from Oberösterreichische Nachrichten.

Configuration

Add nachrichten.at to the list of spiders:

# List of spiders to run by default, one per line.
spiders =
  nachrichten.at

Oberösterreichische Nachrichten supports different ressorts via the ressorts parameter (one per line). If no ressort is given, the default ressort “nachrichten” is used.

[nachrichten.at]
ressorts =
  linz
  wels

oe1.orf.at

Newest episodes of radio shows from ORF Ö1.

Configuration

Add oe1.orf.at to the list of spiders:

# List of spiders to run by default, one per line.
spiders =
  oe1.orf.at

orf.at

Newest articles from ORF ON.

Configuration

Add orf.at to the list of spiders:

# List of spiders to run by default, one per line.
spiders =
  orf.at

orf.at supports different channels via the channels parameter (one per line). If no channel is given, news is used. It also possible to give a list of authors for which feeds will then be generated. Note that the channels in which the author writes still has to be included in the channels parameter.

[orf.at]
channels =
  burgenland
  fm4
  help
  kaernten
  news
  noe
  oe3
  oesterreich
  ooe
  religion
  salzburg
  science
  sport
  steiermark
  tirol
  vorarlberg
  wien
authors =
  Erich Moechel

profil.at

Newest articles from profil.

Configuration

Add profil.at to the list of spiders:

# List of spiders to run by default, one per line.
spiders =
  profil.at

puls4.com

Newest episodes of TV shows from puls4.com.

Configuration

Add puls4.com to the list of spiders:

# List of spiders to run by default, one per line.
spiders =
  puls4.com

python-patterns.guide

The latest articles from python-patterns.guide. Since articles on python-patterns.guide do not have a publication date, the Last-Modified header is used for the updated field which might not be accurate or stable. I.e. old articles might have a newer value in the updated field even if they were not updated.

Configuration

Add python-patterns.guide to the list of spiders:

# List of spiders to run by default, one per line.
spiders =
  python-patterns.guide

riskommunal

News from your local town or community, if their website is maintained with RIS Kommunal.

Configuration

Add riskommunal to the list of spiders:

# List of spiders to run by default, one per line.
spiders =
  riskommunal

At least one url is required. The local community or town website typically has a “News” or “Neuigkeiten” URL that you may use.

[riskommunal]
urls =
    http://yourlocalcommunity.tld/News
    https://mytown.tld/BUeRGERSERVICE/Neuigkeiten

servustv.com

Videos shown on ServusTV in the next two weeks.

Configuration

Add servustv.com to the list of spiders:

# List of spiders to run by default, one per line.
spiders =
  servustv.com

theoatmeal.com

Comics and blog posts from The Oatmeal.

Configuration

Add theoatmeal.com to the list of spiders:

# List of spiders to run by default, one per line.
spiders =
  theoatmeal.com

tinyletter.com

Latest articles from tinyletter users.

Configuration

Add tinyletter.com to the list of spiders:

# List of spiders to run by default, one per line.
spiders =
  tinyletter.com

At least one account is required. The account name is visible on the subscription page, e.g. for http://tinyletter.com/dabeaz, the account name is dabeaz.

[tinyletter.com]
accounts =
  dabeaz

trend.at

Newest articles from trend.

Configuration

Add trend.at to the list of spiders:

# List of spiders to run by default, one per line.
spiders =
  trend.at

tuwien.ac.at

Newest Mitteilungsblätter issued by TU Wien.

Configuration

Add tuwien.ac.at to the list of spiders:

# List of spiders to run by default, one per line.
spiders =
  tuwien.ac.at

tvthek.orf.at

Newest episodes of TV shows from ORF TVthek.

Configuration

Add tvthek.orf.at to the list of spiders:

# List of spiders to run by default, one per line.
spiders =
  tvthek.orf.at

uebermedien.de

Newest articles from Übermedien.

Configuration

Add uebermedien.de to the list of spiders:

# List of spiders to run by default, one per line.
spiders =
  uebermedien.de

Übermedien has a paywall for certain articles. If you want to crawl paid articles, please provide your Blendle username and password.

[uebermedien.de]
username =
password =

usenix.org

Newest issues of the Usenix Magazine ;login:.

Configuration

Add usenix.org to the list of spiders:

# List of spiders to run by default, one per line.
spiders =
  usenix.org

verbraucherrecht.at

Newest articles from Verbraucherrecht.

Configuration

Add verbraucherrecht.at to the list of spiders:

# List of spiders to run by default, one per line.
spiders =
  verbraucherrecht.at

wienerlinien.at

Get newest articles from Wiener Linien.

Configuration

Add wienerlinien.at to the list of spiders:

# List of spiders to run by default, one per line.
spiders =
  wienerlinien.at

wienerzeitung.at

Newest articles from Wiener Zeitung.

Configuration

Add wienerzeitung.at to the list of spiders:

# List of spiders to run by default, one per line.
spiders =
  wienerzeitung.at

wienerzeitung.at supports different ressorts via the ressorts parameter (one per line).

Example configuration:

[wienerzeitung.at]
ressorts =
    nachrichten/politik/wien
    nachrichten/politik
    nachrichten/wirtschaft
    meinung

zeit.diebin.at

Newest articles from zeitdiebin.

Configuration

Add zeit.diebin.at to the list of spiders:

# List of spiders to run by default, one per line.
spiders =
  zeit.diebin.at

Supporting a new Website

Feeds already supports a number of websites (see Supported Websites) but adding support for a new website doesn’t take too much time. All you need to do is write a so-called spider. A spider is a Python class that is used by Feeds to extract content from a website.

The feed generation pipeline looks like this:

  1. A spider extracts the content (e.g. an article) that should be part of the feed from a website. The spider also tells Feeds how the content should be cleaned up, e.g. which HTML elements should be removed.
  2. Feeds takes the content, cleans it up with the hints from the spider and some generic cleanup rules (e.g. <script> tags are always removed).
  3. Feeds writes an Atom feed for that site with the cleaned content to the file system.

A quick example

Writing a spider is easy! For simple websites it can be done in only about 30 lines of code.

Consider this example for a fictional website that hosts articles. When a new article is published, a link to it is added to an overview page. The idea is now to use that URL as a starting point for the spider and let the spider extract all the URLs to the articles. In the next step, the spider visits every article, extracts the article text and meta information (time, author) and creates a feed item out of it.

The following code shows how such a spider could look like for our example website:

import scrapy

from feeds.loaders import FeedEntryItemLoader
from feeds.spiders import FeedsSpider


class ExampleComSpider(FeedsSpider):
    name = "example.com"
    start_urls = ["https://www.example.com/articles"]
    feed_title = "Example Website"

    def parse(self, response):
        article_links = response.css(".article__link::attr(href)").extract()
        for link in article_links:
            yield scrapy.Request(response.urljoin(link), self._parse_article)

    def _parse_article(self, response):
        remove_elems = [".shareable-quote", ".share-bar"]
        il = FeedEntryItemLoader(
            response=response,
            base_url="https://{}".format(self.name),
            remove_elems=remove_elems,
        )
        il.add_value("link", response.url)
        il.add_css("title", "h1::text")
        il.add_css("author_name", "header .user-link__name::text")
        il.add_css("content_html", ".article-body")
        il.add_css("updated", ".article-date::text")
        return il.load_item()

First, the URL from the start_urls list is downloaded and the response is given to parse(). From there we extract the article links that should be scraped and yield scrapy.Request objects from the for loop. The callback method _parse_article() is executed once the download has finished. It extracts the article from the response HTML document and returns an item that will be placed into the feed automatically.

It’s enough to place the spider in the spiders folder. It doesn’t have to be registered somewhere for Feeds to pick it up. Now you can run it:

$ feeds crawl example.com

The resulting feed can be found in output/example.com/feed.xml.

Reusing an existing feed

Often websites provide a feed but it’s not full text. In such cases you usually only want to augment the original feed with the full article.

Generic spider

For a lot of feeds (especially those from blogs) it is actually sufficient to use the Generic full-text extraction spider which can extract content from any website using heuristics (go to Generic full-text extraction for more on that).

Note that a lot of feeds (e.g. those generated by Wordpress) actually contain the full text but your feed reader chooses to show a summary instead. In such cases you can also use the Generic full-text extraction spider and add your feed URL to the fulltext_urls key in the config. This will create a full text feed from an existing feed without having to rely on heuristics.

Custom extraction

These spiders take an existing RSS feed and inline the article content while cleaning up the content (removing share buttons, etc.):

Paywalled content

If your website has a feed but some or all articles are behind a paywall or require to login to read, take a look at the following spiders:

Creating a feed from scratch

Some websites don’t offer any feed at all. In such cases we have to find an efficient way to detect new content and extract it.

Utilizing an API

Some use a REST API which we can use to fetch the content.

Utilizing the sitemap

Others provide a sitemap which we can parse:

Custom extraction

The last resort is to find a page that lists the newest articles and start scraping from there.

For paywalled content, take a look at:

Extraction rules

A great feed transports all the information from the original site but without the clutter. The reader should never have to leave their reader and go to the original site. The following rules help to reach that goal.

Unwanted content

Advertisement, share buttons/links, navigation elements and everything that is not part of the content is removed. The output should be similar to what Firefox Reader View (Readability) outputs, but more polished.

Images

The HTML tags <figure> and <figcaption> are used for figures (if possible). Example:

<figure>
<div><img src="https://example.com/img.jpg"></img><div>
<figcaption>A very interesting image.</figcaption>
</figure>

Credits for images are removed. Images are included in their highest resolution available.

Depaginate

If content is split in multiple pages, all pages are scraped.

Iframes

Iframes are removed if they are unnecessary or untouched. Iframes are automatically replaced with a link to their source.

Updated field

Every feed item has an updated field. If the spider cannot provide such a field for an item because the original site doesn’t expose that information, Feeds will automatically use the timestamp when it saw the link of the item for the first time.

Not embeddable content

Sometimes external content like videos cannot be included in the feed because it needs JavaScript. In such cases the container of the external video is replaced with a note that says that the content is only available in the original content.

Regular expressions

Regular expressions are only used to replace content if using CSS selectors with replace_elems is not possible.

Categories

A feed item has categories taken from its original feed or from the site.

Headings

<h*> tags are used for headings (i. e. not generic tags like <p> or <div>). Headings start with <h2>. The title of the content is not part of the content and is removed.

Author name(s)

The name of all authors are added to the author_name field. The names are not part of the content and are removed.

Docker

If you prefer to run Feeds in a docker container, you can use the official PyFeeds image.

A docker-compose.yaml could look like this:

version: "3.9"
services:
  pyfeeds:
    image: pyfeeds/pyfeeds:latest
    volumes:
      - ./config:/config
      - pyfeeds-output:/output
    command: --config /config/feeds.cfg crawl
volumes:
  pyfeeds-output:
    name: pyfeeds-output

It mounts the config folder next to the docker-compose.yaml and uses the contained feeds.cfg as config for Feeds. The feeds are stored in a volume which could be picked up by a webserver:

version: "3.9"
services:
  pyfeeds-server:
    image: nginx:stable-alpine
    restart: always
    volumes:
      - pyfeeds-output:/usr/share/nginx/html:ro
volumes:
  pyfeeds-output:
    external: true
    name: pyfeeds-output

Now any other container in the same docker network (f.e. a ttrss server) could access the feeds (f.e. http://pyfeeds-server/theoatmeal.com/feed.atom). Add a port mapping in case you want to allow access from outside the container’s docker network.

API for Spiders

If you want to you support a custom website, take a look at Supporting a new Website.

Spider class

A spider is a class in a module (Python file) in feeds.spiders that is a subclass of feeds.spiders.FeedsSpider, feeds.spiders.FeedsCrawlSpider or feeds.spiders.FeedsXMLFeedSpider.

  • FeedsXMLFeedSpider is used, if the spider is based on parsing an XML document as a basis. This is useful if the spider should start from an existing XML feed or a sitemap.
  • FeedsCrawlSpider is used, if the spider should crawl the site based on links that are found on the site. Patterns can be given to limit what links should be followed.
  • FeedsSpider is used in all other cases (this spider is usually used).

Class variables

  • name: The name of the spider (mandatory).
  • start_urls: A list of URLs to start (used if the start_requests(self) method is not overwritten).
  • feed_title: Title of the feed.
  • feed_subtitle: Subtitle of the feed.
  • feed_link
  • author_name: Author of the feed.
  • feed_icon: URL of a site favicon.
  • feed_logo: URL of a site logo.

Methods

  • start_requests(self): If the start request is more complicated than a simply GET to the URL(s) in the start_urls list, this method can be overwritten. It is expected to yield or return a scrapy.Request object. Please note that this method can only emit Request objects.
  • parse(self, response): After a URL from start_urls has been scraped, the parse() method is called and the response is given as an argument. It is also the default call back method for new scrapy.Request objects.
  • parse_node(self, response, node): A FeedsXMLFeedSpider calls parse_node() instead of parse() for every node in the XML document returned by the URL in start_urls.

FeedEntryItemLoader

A spider uses a FeedEntryItemLoader object to extract content from a response. The following fields are accepted and can be added to a item loader object:

  • link
  • title
  • author_name
  • author_email
  • content_html
  • updated
  • category
  • path
  • enclosure_iri
  • enclosure_type

A value can be added to an item loader with the add_value(), add_css() or add_xpath() methods like in the following example:

il = FeedEntryItemLoader(response=response)
il.add_value("link", response.url)
il.add_css("title", "h1::text")
il.add_css("author_name", "header .user-link__name::text")
il.add_css("content_html", ".interview-body")
il.add_css("updated", ".date::text")
return il.load_item()

Only the link field is required, all the other fields can be empty but usually it is adviced to add as many fields as possible (i.e. the original site provides).

If the updated field is not provided, the date and time during the extraction is used. If caching is enabled, the date and time when the item was first seen is cached and reused on following runs.

Input processing

Automatic rules are applied to fields depending on their type.

Default input rules

These rules are usually applied to every field.

  1. Empty strings and None are skipped.
  2. The content is stripped.
  3. The content is unescaped twice, i.e. &amp;&xxx; is converted to its decoded (binary) equivalent.

title

  1. The default input rules apply.
  2. One title: “<title 1>”
  3. Two titles: “<title 1>: <title 2>”
  4. Three or more titles: “<title 1>: <title 2> - <title 3> - <title n>”

updated

  1. Empty strings and None are skipped.
  2. Unless the date is already a datetime object, it is parsed using dateutil.parser.parse() (with the year expected to be first, and the day not expected to be first). If dateutil can’t parse it because it’s a human readable string, dateparser is used. dayfirst (default False), yearfirst (default True) and ignoretz (default False) can be set in the FeedEntryItemLoader.
  3. If the datetime object is not already timezone aware, the timezone specified in the FeedEntryItemLoader is set.
  4. The first datetime object is used.

author_name

  1. The default input rules apply.
  2. Multiple author names are joined with “, ” (comma and space) as a separator.

path

  1. The default input rules apply.
  2. Multiple paths are joined with os.sep (e.g. /) as a separator.

content_html

  1. Empty strings and None are skipped.
  2. replace_regex in the FeedEntryItemLoader is a dict with pattern as a key and repl as a value. pattern and repl are used as parameters for re.sub(). pattern can be a string or a pattern object, repl a string or a function.
  3. convert_footnotes in the FeedEntryItemLoader is a list of CSS selectors which select footnotes or otherwise hidden text. Such elements are replaced with <small> elements and the text of the respective footnote in brackets.
  4. pullup_elems in the FeedEntryItemLoader is a dict with a CSS selector as a key and a distance as a value. A parent that is a given distance away from the selected element is replaced with the selected element. E.g. a distance of 1 means that the children replaces its parent.
  5. replace_elems in the FeedEntryItemLoader is a dict that contains a selector as a key and a string as a value. The selected element is replaced with the HTML fragment.
  6. remove_elems in the FeedEntryItemLoader is a list with CSS selectors of elements that should be removed.
  7. remove_elems_xpath in the FeedEntryItemLoader is a list with XPath queries of elements that should be removed.
  8. change_attribs in the FeedEntryItemLoader is a dict with a CSS selector as a key and a dict that describes how to change attribs as a value. The dict contains the old attrib name as a key and the new attrib name as a value. If the value is None, the attrib is removed.
  9. change_tags in the FeedEntryItemLoader is a dict with a CSS selector as a key and a new tag name as a value. The tag name of the selected element is changed to the new tag name.
  10. Attributes class, id and ones that start with data- are removed.
  11. Iframes are converted to a <div> that contains a link to the source of the iframe.
  12. Scripts, JavaScript, comments, styles and inline styles are removed.
  13. The HTML tree is flattened: Elements which do not have a text and are not supposed to be empty are removed. An element is replaced with is child if it has exactly one child and the child has the same tag.
  14. References in tags like <a> and <img> are made absolute.

Contribute

Feeds uses GitHub as development platform.

Issues

Pull requests

  • Fork the project to your private repository.
  • Create a topic branch and make your desired changes.
  • Open a pull request. Make sure the GitHub CI checks are passing.

Create a new release

  • Cleanup: python setup.py clean --all ; rm -rf dist
  • Install dependencies: pip install twine wheel
  • Run: ./scripts/new-release
  • Commit, tag and push both
  • Build: python setup.py sdist bdist_wheel
  • Upload to TestPyPI: twine upload -r testpypi dist/*
  • Check upload on TestPyPI
  • Upload to PyPi: twine upload dist/*
  • Upload a new Docker image

License

                    GNU AFFERO GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
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the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the
parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory
patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work
conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily
for and in connection with specific products or compilations that
contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement,
or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.

  Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.

  12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.

  If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot convey a
covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
not convey it at all.  For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.

  13. Remote Network Interaction; Use with the GNU General Public License.

  Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, if you modify the
Program, your modified version must prominently offer all users
interacting with it remotely through a computer network (if your version
supports such interaction) an opportunity to receive the Corresponding
Source of your version by providing access to the Corresponding Source
from a network server at no charge, through some standard or customary
means of facilitating copying of software.  This Corresponding Source
shall include the Corresponding Source for any work covered by version 3
of the GNU General Public License that is incorporated pursuant to the
following paragraph.

  Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
under version 3 of the GNU General Public License into a single
combined work, and to convey the resulting work.  The terms of this
License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
but the work with which it is combined will remain governed by version
3 of the GNU General Public License.

  14. Revised Versions of this License.

  The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
the GNU Affero General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions
will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
address new problems or concerns.

  Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the
Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU Affero General
Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
version or of any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of the
GNU Affero General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
by the Free Software Foundation.

  If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
versions of the GNU Affero General Public License can be used, that proxy's
public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
to choose that version for the Program.

  Later license versions may give you additional or different
permissions.  However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
later version.

  15. Disclaimer of Warranty.

  THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.

  16. Limitation of Liability.

  IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGES.

  17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.

  If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
copy of the Program in return for a fee.

                     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

            How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs

  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.

  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.

    <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
    Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>

    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.

    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
    GNU Affero General Public License for more details.

    You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.

  If your software can interact with users remotely through a computer
network, you should also make sure that it provides a way for users to
get its source.  For example, if your program is a web application, its
interface could display a "Source" link that leads users to an archive
of the code.  There are many ways you could offer source, and different
solutions will be better for different programs; see section 13 for the
specific requirements.

  You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU AGPL, see
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

About Feeds

Once upon a time every website offered an RSS feed to keep readers updated about new articles/blog posts via the users’ feed readers. These times are long gone. The once iconic orange RSS icon has been replaced by “social share” buttons.

Feeds aims to bring back the good old reading times. It creates Atom feeds for websites that don’t offer them (anymore). It allows you to read new articles of your favorite websites in your feed reader (e.g. TinyTinyRSS) even if this is not officially supported by the website.

Furthermore it can also enhance existing feeds by inlining the actual content into the feed entry so it can be read without leaving the feed reader.

Feeds is based on Scrapy, a framework for extracting data from websites and it has support for a few websites already, see Supported Websites. It’s easy to add support for new websites. Just take a look at the existing spiders and feel free to open a pull request!

Authors

Feeds is written and maintained by Florian Preinstorfer and Lukas Anzinger.